Article Contents

What is The Psycho-Oncology

It is a field at the intersection of the physical, psychological social and behavioural aspect of the cancer experiences of both patients and caregivers.

In layman terms, it deals with who maintain the mental health of cancer patients when she or she is going to various therapies so that his/her mind will not suffer and not decrease of willingness to live.

People that needed in conducting psycho-oncology are:-

Oncologist
Social worker
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Nurses

People Need Psycho-Oncology For:

PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS

When a person gets diagnosed with cancer there is a generation of a hormone called cortisol (which lead increase in anxiety). This gives rise elevated rates of depression and anxiety in response to a cancer diagnosis is often attributable to uncertainty regarding mortality and well as going through hazardous treatments. The psychologist helps the patient to control their anxiety and to cope with their anxiety and to cope with their anxiety and to cope with their depression while they are getting reading to fight dangerous cancer.

Behavioural needs

It means including from smoking and use of substance protection as well as adherence to treatment regimes. It promotes healthy behaviour preventive medicines as decreasing the risk of developing cancer in a major public health concern live care cost associated with being treated for cancer. It makes the treatment patient and including fewer doctors in this helps the patients create a behaviour that himself/ herself to fight and overcome the dangerous therapies.

Social needs

During a stressful experience at times of taking therapies good social support is melted to overcome one’s loneliness, empty and need to bond others in sake to make a social contraction. As the the the diagnosis of cancer can be significantly socially isolating for individuals. Communication is the key by which one can share his/her pain and get relief of belongingness at these difficult times. Communication has been shown too associated with improved medication adherence and satisfaction and care.

Mental health consequence of cancer

Maladaptation

While the patient finds out about symptoms and diagnosis a personal experience of fear of at the exploring stage i.e. recognition of diagnosis. Then comes the stage of when treatment starts by which various medicines are given leading to increased anxiety and an increase in the issue of body image. For releasing this many people than to take help many substance cases of abuse which makes the scene worse and may close ending time also.

Common mental disorder

These disorder like depression, anxiety, dysthymia, panic attack and in extreme schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Many symptoms of cancer and its treatment lead to:-

Fatigue – it means not having the ability to work
Anorexia – it is a food disorder in which people tend quit eating food
Insomnia – in this people are not able to sleep at night
Cognitive impairment – in this people are not able the activities that require mental work.
Sense of guilt – they have feelings about why it happened to me only
Dissatisfaction– not satisfied with anything

Depression was associated with non-communication of the things that they go through.

Suicide

The reason is:-

Not willingness to live
Decreasing motivation
Decreasing hope for recovery
Emotional sears
Cognitive sears leading hating oneself

Generally happening in, males those are under 65 and having cancer prostate, lungs, pancreatic head and neck. It generally triggers when the person in 1st years, after diagnosis.

History

It started around mid- 1970 when the stigma of the word was unspeakable but the now patients feeling were considered and taken importance to.
Before they’re still was the stigma of mental health so, in case of cancer, it was never seen, as negative attitude just said as the side effects of medicines.
Over the last past quarter, psycho-oncology became a subspecialty of oncology with its own body knowledge contributing to cancer care.

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Risk factors of Cancer

Behaviour

People who are into more substance abuse may increase the chance of having cancer. Tobacco leads to increased risk of lung cancer mortality decreasing between 30 and 50% of age. It also leads to increased risk of cancer or oesophagus and oral. Alcohol tends to increase in risk for cancer for the oral cavity and pharynx and larynx. Diet and obesity lead to increased cancer as poor nutrition limited physical activity.

Stressful life events

Life events that are stressfully taken on a daily basis can lead to increased risk of cancer. As it leads to increased anxiety which affects the immunity of the body makes it weak leading to more possibility of having cancer.

Personality factors

As per Watson type c, personality is cancer-prone personality as described as cooperative, unassertive, patient, suppressing negative emotions and accepting external authority, but these researches have been proved wrong about particular personality getting cancer.

Physical symptoms of psychological health

Pain

Cancer patients can experience numerous kinds of psychological distress or psychiatric disorders during their illness trajectory, most commonly depression, anxiety, and delirium.

They experience a lot of pain by depression and various anxiety and panic attacks.

Delirium

when frequently pain particularly for hospitalized advanced patients with cancer, and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality and increased healthcare costs, such as those associated with prolonged hospitalization.

There are several delirium subtypes, and the disorder is now classified into three main subtypes as follows: hyperactive hypoactive, and mixed delirium.

Anticipatory vomiting and nausea

Cancer patients tend to have almost regular nausea due to their therapies done by doctors. But the psychological symptoms also affect them like extreme tension in insomnia, panic attacks often lead to vomiting.

Various Therapies Used for Better Health

There are many therapies conduct so that patient can cope up with depression or any other illness. Some of the therapies are:-

1. Crisis intervention

I.Assistance in sudden and supervisions.

II.Adequate and prompt assessment as tragic.

2. Psychological counselling

Giving them support and building confidence to overcome their crisis and make them adaptive.

3.Self-support group

i.You may have seen there is usually group discussion about suffering and they talk about their experience there.

ii.They’re a bunch clinical psychological as the group expert.

4.Rational psychotherapy, behavioural method of gradual desertification and many more etc.

Conclusion

Psycho-oncology through is new filed but is broad and very important for the patients. These therapies will help the patient fight against cancer win the battles both mentally and physically. Cancer is dangerous in this we all have to be together and act as a team.